SOME RECALCITRANT AND SEMI-RECALCITRANT* SEEDS
Aconitum (Cullina 2004a)
Actaea pachypoda and rubra (Cullina 2004b)
Aesculus pavia (Cullina 2004a)
Allium tricoccum (Cullina 2004a)
Anemone canadensis, caroliniana, patens, and quinquefolia (Cullina 2004b)
Anemonella thalictroides (Cullina 2004b, Deno 1993)
Arisaema triphyllum (Shultz 2005, Genesis seed tests)
Asarum canadense, caudatum, and lemmonii (Cullina 2004b)
Calla (Cullina 2004a)
Caltha palustris (Cullina 2004b, Deno 1993, Genesis seed tests)
Carex flava (Cullina 2008)
Carex laxiflora group (Cullina 2008)
Carex pensylvanica (Cullina 2008)
Carex plantaginea and platyphylla (Cullina 2004b)
Caulophyllum thalictroides (Cullina 2004b)
Chamaelirium (Cullina 2004a) 2
Chrysogonum virginianum (Cullina 2004b)
Cimicifuga americana, racemosa, and rubifolia (Cullina 2004b)
Claytonia virginica (Cullina 2004b, Deno 1993)
Clematis albicoma, crispa, and ochroleuca (Cullina 2004b)
Clintonia borealis, umbellata, and uniflora (Cullina 2004b)
Coptis trifolia (Cullina 2004b)
Corydalis sempervirens (Cullina 2004b)
Cymophyllus fraseri (Cullina 2004b)
Delphinium carolinianum and exaltatum (Cullina 2004b)
Delphinium tricorne (Deno 1993)
Dentaria (Cardamine) diphylla and maxima (Cullina 2004b)
Dentaria laciniata (Cullina 2004b, Deno 1993)
Dicentra cucullaria and spectabilis (Deno1993
Dicentra canadensis, cucullaria, eximia, and formosa (Cullina 2004b)
Diphylleia cymosa (Cullina 2004b)
Diplazium pycnocarpon (Cullina 2004b)
Disporum (Prosartes) hookeri, lanuginosum, and maculatum (Cullina 2004b)
Disporum smithii (Cullina 2004b)
Dryas octopetala (Cullina 2004b)
Epigaea (Cullina 2004a)
Erythronium species (Deno 1993)
Erythronium albidum and americanum (Cullina 2004b)
Fothergilla gardenii and major (Cullina 2004b)
Galax urceolata (Cullina 2004b)
Geranium maculatum (Cullina 2004b, Deno 1993)
Hamamelis virginiana (Cullina 2004b)
Heionas bullata (Cullina 2004b)
Hepatica acutiloba and americana (Cullina 2004b, Deno 1993)
Hydrastis canadensis (Cullina 2004b)
Hydrophyllum canadense and virginianum (Cullina 2004b)
Iris cristata and I. verna smalliana (Cullina 2004b)
Isopyrum (Enemion) biternatum (Cullina 2004b)
Jeffersonia diphylla (Deno 1993) (Cullina 2004b)
Lindera bezoin (Cullina 2004b)
Lysichiton americanum (Cullina 2004b)
Maianthemum canadense and kamtschaticum (Cullina 2004b)
Matteuccia struthiopteris (Cullina 2004b)
Medeola virginiana (Cullina 2004b)
Melanthium hybridum and virginicum (Cullina 2004b)
Mertensia virginica (Cullina 2004b, Deno 1993, Genesis seed tests)
Mitchella (Cullina 2004b)
Oplopanax horridus (Cullina 2004b)
Orontium aquaticum (Cullina 2004b)
Osmunda cinnamomea, claytonia, and regalis (Cullina 2004b)
Pachysandra procumbens (Cullina 2004b)
Panax quinquefolius (Cullina 2004b)
Peltandra virginica (Richard Agnew personal communication, Genesis seed tests)
Phlox (some) (Cullina 2004b) Phlox divaricata (Cullina 2004b, Deno 1993)
Phlox bifida (Deno 1993)
Phlox pilosa (Genesis seed tests)
Phlox glaberrima (Deno 1996)
Podophyllum peltatum (Cullina 2004b)
Polemonium reptans (Deno 1993)
Polygala paucifolia (some) (Cullina 2004b)
Polygonatum biflorum, commutatum, and pubescens (Cullina 2004b)
Pyrola (Cullina 2004a)
Pyxidanthera (Cullina 2004a)
Quercus (Cullina 2004a)
Rosa (Cullina 2004a)
Sanguinaria canadensis (Cullina 2004b, Deno 1993)
Scirpus cyperinus and longii (Cullina 2004b)
Scrophularia lanceolata (Cullina 2004b)
Senecio aureus (Deno 1996, Genesis seed tests)
Shortia (Cullina 2004a)
Smilacina racemosa and stellata (Cullina 2004b)
Spartina most species (Cullina 2008)
Spartina pectinata (Genesis Nursery)
Spartina species (Cullina 2008)
Spigelia marilandica (Cullina 2004b)
Streptopus roseus (Cullina 2004b)
Stylophorum diphyllum (Cullina 2004b, Deno 1993)
Tiarella cordifolia (Deno 1993)
Trillium cuneatum, erectum, grandiflorum, recurvatum, and undulatum (Cullina 2004b)
Trillium grandiflorum (Deno 1993)
Trollus laxus (Cullina 2004b)
Uvularia grandiflora (Deno 1993)
Uvularia grandiflora, perfoliata, and sessilifolia (Cullina 2004b)
Viola (Cullina 2004a)
Xerophyllum (Cullina 2004a)
Zizania aquatica (Baskin & Baskin 1998)
Selected Sources
Bill Cullina 2004, Germination codes for species grown by the New England Wildflower
Society Native Plant Nurseries, 2004 Georgia Native Plant Symposium Papers,
http://www.gnps.org/bc3.htm, accessed 8/01/06.
Bill Cullina 2004b, Germination Requirements of Seeds, 2004 Georgia Native Plant
Symposium Papers,
http://www.gnps.org/bc2.htm, accessed 8/01/06.
Norman C. Deno, 1991, Seed Germination Theory and Practice, State College,
Pennsylvania
Norman C. Deno, 1993, Seed Germination Theory and Practice Second Edition, State
College, Pennsylvania
Tara Luna & Kim M. Wilkinson, 2009. 7: Collecting, processing, and storing seeds. In:
R. Kasten Dumroese, Tara Luna, & Thomas D. Landis, editors. Nursery manual for Native
Plants: A guide for tribal nurseries - Volume 1: Nursery management. Agriculture Handbook
730. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. p. 113-131.
John M. Row and Richard L. Wynia, 2010, Viability Of Native Warm-Season Grass Seed
Stored Under Two Different Environments Following 35 Years Of Storage, USDA-Natural
Resources Conservation Service, Plant Materials Center, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
Jan Schultz, 2005, Propagation protocol for Jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum)
Native Plants vol. 6 no. 2 summer 2005, pp 109-110.
