| Plant Habit: | Herb/Forb |
| Life cycle: | Biennial |
| Sun Requirements: | Full Sun |
| Water Preferences: | Mesic Dry Mesic Dry |
| Soil pH Preferences: | Slightly acid (6.1 – 6.5) Neutral (6.6 – 7.3) Slightly alkaline (7.4 – 7.8) |
| Minimum cold hardiness: | Zone 3 -40 °C (-40 °F) to -37.2 °C (-35) |
| Maximum recommended zone: | Zone 9b |
| Plant Height: | 4-6 feet |
| Plant Spread: | 12 inches |
| Flowers: | Showy |
| Flower Color: | Other: Very deep purple to black |
| Flower Time: | Summer Late summer or early fall |
| Underground structures: | Taproot |
| Suitable Locations: | Xeriscapic |
| Uses: | Will Naturalize |
| Wildlife Attractant: | Bees Birds Butterflies |
| Resistances: | Drought tolerant |
| Propagation: Seeds: | Needs specific temperature: 60-70° F Days to germinate: 10-14 Depth to plant seed: Surface/barely cover Sow in situ Start indoors Can handle transplanting Other info: Self sows freely |
